KT 板三角飞翼
完整制作教程 KT Foam Delta Flying Wing
Complete Build Guide

飞翼设计的核心参数是翼展、后掠角和翼弦长度。建议入门飞翼翼展约700-800mm，后掠角45-55°。按照1:1比例打印或手绘平面图，标注所有关键尺寸和折叠线位置。The core design parameters for a flying wing are wingspan, sweep angle, and chord length. A good starter wing is 700–800mm span with 45–55° sweep. Print or draw the planform at 1:1 scale, marking all key dimensions and fold line positions.

• 主翼平面形：等腰三角形或梯形，翼展700mm，前缘后掠50°Main wing planform: isosceles triangle or trapezoid, 700mm span, 50° leading edge sweep
• 翼梢处可设计小翼稳定器（Winglet），高度约40mmAdd small winglets at the tips (~40mm height) for directional stability
• 副升合一舵面（Elevon）占后缘长度约35%Elevon (combined aileron/elevator) occupies ~35% of the trailing edge
• 机头整流罩长度约120mm，足以容纳电机和电调Nose fairing ~120mm long to house motor and ESC

将图纸用胶带固定在KT板上，用锋利的美工刀沿轮廓线一次性裁切，特别注意前缘后掠角要精准。飞翼是左右对称的，建议两片同时裁切以保证完全一致。Tape the template to the KT foam and cut along all outlines with a sharp utility knife in single strokes. Pay special attention to the leading edge sweep angle for accuracy. Since the wing is symmetric, cut both halves simultaneously for a perfect match.

• 将图纸对折，同时裁切左右两片，确保翼展完全对称Fold the template in half and cut both halves at once for perfect symmetry
• 用金属直尺辅助切割前缘直线段，保证后掠角精确Use a metal ruler for the straight leading edge sections to nail the sweep angle
• 预留舵面区域，在舵面铰链线位置做好标记Leave the elevon areas intact and mark the hinge lines clearly
• 裁切翼梢小翼，备用Cut the wingtip winglets and set aside

飞翼在飞行中承受较大的弯曲载荷，必须在主翼中心线位置嵌入碳纤维管作为翼梁，防止机翼在高速飞行时折断或变形。翼梁是飞翼结构最关键的部分。A flying wing endures significant bending loads in flight, so a carbon fiber tube spar must be embedded along the wing's centerline to prevent the wing from snapping or warping at high speed. The spar is the most critical structural element.

• 在主翼展方向中线处，用美工刀切出一条宽约6mm、深约3mm的槽Cut a 6mm-wide, 3mm-deep groove along the wing's spanwise centerline
• 将碳纤维管（6mm）嵌入槽中，确保与翼面齐平Insert the 6mm carbon tube into the groove flush with the wing surface
• 用CA胶浸渗固定碳管，等待完全固化（约5分钟）Apply CA glue to lock the tube in place; wait for full cure (~5 minutes)
• 在碳管上方用宽胶带封闭，保持表面平整Seal over the tube with wide tape to keep the surface smooth
• 额外在主翼前缘内侧贴一条竹签，增加前缘刚性Add a bamboo rod inside the leading edge for extra rigidity

飞翼的翼型折叠工艺与教练机不同——飞翼采用扁平的低拱度翼型，折叠角度较小（约8-12°），以适应飞翼的高速飞行特性。正确的翼型折叠直接决定了飞机的升力系数和失速特性。Flying wing airfoil folding differs from a trainer — the wing uses a flat, low-camber profile with a small fold angle (8–12°) suited to high-speed flight. Correct airfoil shaping directly determines the wing's lift coefficient and stall characteristics.

• 在翼面中部（约翼弦30%位置）用圆珠笔划出折叠线，划线深度为板厚50%Score the fold line at ~30% chord with a ballpoint pen, to 50% of foam thickness
• 将翼面弯折至约8-10°，形成低拱度翼型Fold the wing to ~8–10° for a low-camber airfoil
• 在折叠线内侧涂少量CA胶固定，快速用手压住等待固化Apply a thin bead of CA inside the fold and hold firmly while it cures
• 翼梢部分折叠角度略小（约5-6°），形成扭转角（Washout）防止翼梢先失速Fold the wingtip area slightly less (~5–6°) to create washout and prevent tip stall
• 检查左右翼面折叠角度完全一致，否则飞机会出现侧翻倾向Check that both sides fold to identical angles — any asymmetry will cause a roll tendency

飞翼没有独立机身，机头整流罩直接与主翼融为一体。机头需要容纳电机、防火墙、电调和接收机，同时保持良好的气动外形，减少阻力。A flying wing has no separate fuselage — the nose pod blends directly into the wing. The nose must house the motor, firewall, ESC, and receiver while maintaining clean aerodynamics to minimize drag.

• 裁切机头盒形结构：上下盖板、左右侧板各一片，厚度均为5mm KT板Cut the nose box: top/bottom panels and two side panels, all 5mm KT foam
• 用CA胶将机头盒粘合成长约120mm、宽约55mm的矩形截面Bond into a rectangular box ~120mm long × 55mm wide with CA glue
• 在机头前端安装防火墙（3mm胶合板或加厚KT板），用于固定电机Mount a firewall (3mm ply or doubled KT foam) at the nose front for motor attachment
• 机头两侧开散热孔（约10×30mm），为电调提供冷却气流Cut cooling vents (~10×30mm) on each side for ESC airflow
• 将机头粘合到主翼中心线位置，用CA胶和热熔胶加强接合处Bond the nose pod to the wing centerline, reinforcing the joint with CA and hot glue
• 在机头与翼面接合处用切割泡沫填充平滑过渡，减少气动干扰Fill the nose-to-wing junction with cut foam for a smooth aerodynamic fillet

飞翼使用副升合一（Elevon）混控舵机，两个舵机分别控制左右舵面。遥控器端的Elevon混控（AIL+ELE混合）是飞翼飞行的关键设置，必须在安装前确认遥控器支持此功能。A flying wing uses elevon mixing — two servos controlling the left and right control surfaces. Elevon mixing (aileron + elevator combined) is the critical transmitter setting for wing flight; confirm your radio supports it before installation.

• 在左右翼面后缘内侧安装9g舵机，用CA胶固定舵机框Mount 9g servos inside the left and right trailing edge panels, securing servo frames with CA
• 安装副升合一舵面：用宽胶带在舵面上下各粘一层作为铰链Install elevon surfaces: tape both sides of the hinge line for a durable flexible hinge
• 用Z型钢丝连杆连接舵机臂与舵面，确保中立位时舵面水平Connect servo arm to elevon with a Z-wire pushrod; set neutral so the elevon is perfectly flat
• 电调安装在机头内部，焊接XT30接头，布置好电源线走向Install ESC inside the nose pod with XT30 connector; route power leads cleanly
• 接收机贴近机翼中心线安装，天线从两侧机翼穿出约5cmMount receiver near the wing centerline; route antennas ~5cm out each side of the wing
• 在遥控器上设置Elevon混控，确认方向：右副升 上偏→向右滚转、向上俯仰抬头Set up elevon mixing on the transmitter: right elevon up → roll right / pitch up (nose up)

飞翼的重心调整比常规飞机更为关键。重心过于靠后会导致飞机极不稳定，甚至无法控制；重心过于靠前则升降舵效率不足。首飞前必须将重心精确调整至设计位置。CG adjustment is more critical for a flying wing than a conventional aircraft. A rearward CG makes the wing dangerously unstable; too far forward reduces elevator authority. Get the CG right before any flight attempt.

• 飞翼重心位置：从前缘平均气动弦（MAC）的20-25%处，翼展中段量取Flying wing CG: 20–25% of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC), measured at mid-span
• 用两根手指在重心位置托起飞机，机头应轻微低头（约5°），不应抬头Balance on two fingers at the CG point — nose should be slightly low (~5°), never nose-high
• 移动电池前后位置调整重心，电池前移→重心前移，电池后移→重心后移Move battery fore/aft to adjust CG: forward → nose-heavy, rearward → tail-heavy
• 如电池移动范围不足，可在机头粘贴少量铅块配重（最多10g）If battery travel isn't enough, add small lead weights to the nose (max 10g)
• 设置舵机偏转量：Elevon 双向偏转各±15-20mm（比教练机略小）Set elevon throw: ±15–20mm each direction (slightly less than a conventional trainer)
• 添加3-5%的Elevon向上补偿（Reflex），使飞翼具有正俯仰稳定性Add 3–5% elevon up trim (reflex) to give the wing positive pitch stability

飞翼首飞需要比教练机更充分的准备。由于飞翼俯仰稳定性相对较弱，首飞最好由有一定飞行经验的玩家进行，或在模拟器上充分练习飞翼操控后再首飞。A flying wing maiden flight requires more preparation than a trainer. Because pitch stability is inherently lower, it's best flown by someone with prior RC experience, or after thorough practice on a simulator before the real maiden.

• 完整飞前检查：所有螺丝锁紧、控制面活动顺畅、重心确认Full pre-flight check: all screws tight, control surfaces moving freely, CG confirmed
• 选择无风或微风天气（风速低于3m/s），视野开阔无障碍场地Choose calm or light wind conditions (under 3 m/s) in a wide open area
• 手抛起飞：双手握住机翼中段，以约30-40°仰角用力前抛，同时推1/3油门Hand launch: grip the wing center section, throw forward at ~30–40° with 1/3 throttle simultaneously
• 首飞保持中等高度（50m以上），在舒适范围内测试各舵面响应Fly at medium altitude (50m+) on first flight, testing each control surface response in comfort
• 落地前收油门至零，利用飞翼升力大的特性进行平稳滑翔降落Cut throttle to zero before landing and use the wing's high-lift glide ratio for a smooth approach